Impact of physical activity during weekdays and weekends on fat mass among adults: 12-month cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) practices seem to differ between weekdays and weekends and these pattern changes can affect body fat differently. However, previous studies did not assess the mediation effect of weekday and weekend PA on maintenance of body fat using sophisticated statistical models. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mediation effect of PA during weekdays and weekends on maintenance of fat mass over a 12-month follow-up. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal cohort study (12 months) conducted at a public university in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. METHODS: A sample of 225 adults (117 females) was used. Body fatness and fat mass were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA levels were assessed using a pedometer. The statistical analysis consisted of paired-sample t tests, independent-sample t tests, Pearson correlations and mediation models. RESULTS: After 12 months, weekend PA had decreased while body composition indicators remained stable (without changes). The correlation between fat mass at baseline and follow-up was high for both sexes (men: 0.966; women: 0.941; P-value = 0.001 for both). Moreover, PA indices were inversely but moderately related to fat mass at baseline and follow-up. Lastly, weekend PA mediated the association between fat mass at baseline and follow-up (P-value < 0.05) by around 2% and 4%. CONCLUSION: Weekend PA mediated the association between fat mass at baseline and fat mass after one year of follow-up among these adults. Further studies are required to investigate the association between physical activity, body fat and other variables such as dietary patterns and sleep time.

Effects of group kinesiotherapy on primary and secondary symptoms of osteoarthrosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a specific, kinesiotherapy-based rehabilitation program on the various symptoms of osteoarthrosis (OA), following group treatment. Thirty-one individuals, of both sexes, aged over 50 years and with medical diagnosis of OA, underwent 16 sessions, twice a week, totaling eight weeks, of a specific rehabilitation protocol based on group kinesiotherapy. Primary OA symptoms were assessed (directly related to the disease: OA symptoms, trunk flexibility, balance and pain), and so were secondary ones (indirectly related to the disease: signs of depression and anxiety, and quality of life). Data were tested through Student's t test or Wilcoxon's test, and contingencies of categorical data were analyzed using McNemar's test. There was an improvement in all primary symptoms of OA after the kinesiotherapy protocol was applied. Signs of anxiety and depression improved only in contingency, when risk stratification was taken into account. In addition, physical components of quality of life also showed improvement, which did not occur with mental components though. Therefore, the kinesiotherapy-based rehabilitation program was capable of positively influencing all primary symptoms, and only some aspects of secondary OA symptoms.

Associação entre qualidade do sono e doenças cardiometabólicas de pacientes da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Association between sleep quality and cardiometabolic diseases of primary care system patients

A privação do sono está relacionada ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiometabólicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre qualidade do sono e ocorrência de doenças cardiometabólicas em adultos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Estudo longitudinal composto por 169 adultos (68,6% do sexo feminino), média de idade 61,80 (desvio padrão = 8,80), acompanhados por 30 meses. A presença das doenças hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus e ocorrência de infarto e a qualidade do sono foram mensuradas por meio de questionários. Os participantes foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a qualidade do sono (adequada/inadequada). Para verificar a diferença de idade, classe econômica, atividade física habitual e circunferência de cintura, entre os grupos a e b, utilizou-se o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Para comparar a proporção das doenças (hipertensão arterial, infarto, diabetes e dislipidemias) entre os grupos, utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado com correção de Yates. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada para testar a magnitude de tais associações, ajustadas por sexo, idade, atividade física, obesidade abdominal, etilismo e tabagismo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software BioEstat (versão 5.0) e o nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. Verificou-se que 83,4% dos adultos reportaram ao menos uma alteração na qualidade do sono e os que apresentaram inadequada qualidade do sono tiveram 3,4 vezes mais chances de reportar diabetes (OR = 3,47; IC95%: 1,06-11,30), comparados aos com o sono adequado. Inadequada qualidade do sono parece contribuir para o aumento da ocorrência de diabetes mellitus, independente do tempo de prática de atividade física e a obesidade abdominal

Sleep deprivation is related to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sleep quality and occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases in adults attending Primary Health Care. Longitudinal study of 169 adults (68.6% female), mean age 61.80 (deviation = 8.80), followed for 30 months. The presence of the diseases hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and occurrence of infarction and the quality of sleep were measured using questionnaires. Participants were divided into groups according to sleep quality (adequate / inadequate). To verify the difference in age, economic class, habitual physical activity and waist circumference, between groups a and b, the Student's t test for in-dependent samples was used. To compare the proportion of diseases (hypertension, heart attack, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) between the groups, the chi-square test with Yates correction was used. Binary logistic regression was used to test the magnitude of such associations, adjusted for gender, age, physical activity, abdominal obesity, alcoholism and smoking. Statistical analyzes were performed using BioEstat software (version 5.0) and the significance level adopted was p <0.05. 83.4% of adults reported at least one change in sleep quality and those with inadequate sleep quality were 3.4 times more likely to report diabetes (OR = 3.47; 95%CI: 1.06 -11.30) compared to those with adequate sleep. Inadequate sleep quality seems to contribute to the increased occurrence of diabetes mellitus, regardless of the length of physical activity and abdominal obesity

Sports practice and bone mass in prepubertal adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional analysis

Abstract AIM: To compare bone mass and body composition variables between adolescents engaged in high-impact sports and adults who were sedentary during early life. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 155 participants (64 adolescents and 91 adults) aged between 11 and 50 years old. Among the adults, history of sports was evaluated during face-to-face interviews, and information regarding the adolescents' training routines was provided by their coaches. Body composition was evaluated using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry which provided data about bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), fat mass (FM), and free fat mass (FFM). RESULTS: Adults who engaged in sports practice during early life had higher values of BMC (ES-r = 0.063), FFM (ES-r = 0.391), and lower values of FM (ES-r = 0.396) than sedentary adults. Higher values of BMC (ES-r = 0.063) and BMD in lower limbs (ES-r = 0.091) were observed in active adolescents. Adolescents engaged in sports and adults who were sedentary in early life presented similar values in all bone variables, FM, and FFM. CONCLUSIONS: Sports involvement in early life is related to higher bone mass in adulthood. Adolescents engaged in sports presented similar bone mass to adults who had been sedentary in early life.

Vasculopathy associated with peripheral neuropathy in gait parameters of diabetic people

Abstract Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus when glycemic levels are poorly controlled. Sometimes DPN is accompanied by vasculopathy (DPV), which can worsen the clinical prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the gait parameters of nondiabetic individuals and diabetic individuals with DPN with or without DPV. METHOD The study included 68 individuals (50 to 65 years old) divided into three groups: people without diabetes mellitus (n = 33), diabetic patients with DPN (n = 18), and diabetic patients with both DPN and DVP (n = 17). The participants underwent a gait evaluation using electronic baropodometry to obtain the single and double support, velocity, and pressure-time integral. RESULTS The pressure-time integral, velocity, and single support variables were lower, and the double support and double support/single support ratio were higher in the diabetic neuropathy and vasculopathy group. The velocity was lower the greater the degree of impairment of the diabetic foot. Some correlations were identified with velocity. CONCLUSION In diabetic individuals, there was a significant worsening of the gait parameters analyzed according to increasing degree of clinical impairment.

Practice of martial arts and bone mineral density in adolescents of both sexes / Prática de artes marciais e densidade mineral óssea em adolescentes de ambos os sexos

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between martial arts practice (judo, karate and kung-fu) and bone mineral density in adolescents. Methods: The study was composed of 138 (48 martial arts practitioners and 90 non-practitioners) adolescents of both sexes, with an average age of 12.6 years. Bone mineral density was measured using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in arms, legs, spine, trunk, pelvis and total. Weekly training load and previous time of engagement in the sport modality were reported by the coach. Partial correlation tested the association between weekly training load and bone mineral density, controlled by sex, chronological age, previous practice and somatic maturation. Analysis of covariance was used to compare bone mineral density values according to control and martial arts groups, controlled by sex, chronological age, previous practice and somatic maturation. Significant relationships between bone mineral density and muscle mass were inserted into a multivariate model and the slopes of the models were compared using the Student t test (control versus martial art). Results: Adolescents engaged in judo practice presented higher values of bone mineral density than the control individuals (p-value=0.042; Medium Effect size [Eta-squared=0.063]), while the relationship between quantity of weekly training and bone mineral density was significant among adolescents engaged in judo (arms [r=0.308] and legs [r=0.223]) and kung-fu (arms [r=0.248] and spine [r=0.228]). Conclusions: Different modalities of martial arts are related to higher bone mineral density in different body regions among adolescents.

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a prática de artes marciais (judô, karatê e kung-fu) e a densidade mineral óssea em adolescentes. Métodos: O estudo foi composto por 138 adolescentes (48 praticantes de artes marciais e 90 não praticantes) de ambos os sexos, com média de 12,6 anos. A densidade mineral óssea foi medida com absortometria radiológica de dupla energia em braços, pernas, coluna, tronco, pelve e total. A carga de treinamento semanal e o tempo anterior de envolvimento na modalidade esportiva foram relatados pelo treinador. A correlação parcial testou a associação entre a carga semanal de treinamento e a densidade mineral óssea, controlada para sexo, idade cronológica, prática anterior e maturação somática. A análise de covariância foi usada para comparar os valores de densidade mineral óssea de acordo com os grupos controle e de artes marciais, controlados para sexo, idade cronológica, prática anterior e maturação somática. Associações significativas entre a densidade mineral óssea e a massa muscular foram inseridas em um modelo multivariado e as inclinações dos modelos foram comparadas com o teste t de Student (controle versus arte marcial). Resultados: Os adolescentes envolvidos na prática de judô apresentaram valores maiores de densidade mineral óssea do que os do grupo controle (p=0,042; tamanho de efeito médio [eta-quadrado=0,063]), enquanto a relação entre a quantidade de treinos semanais e a densidade mineral óssea foi significativa entre os adolescentes praticantes de judô (braços [r=0,308] e pernas [r=0,223]) e kung-fu (braços [r=0,248] e coluna [r=0,228]). Conclusões: Diferentes modalidades de artes marciais estão relacionadas com maior densidade mineral óssea em diferentes regiões do corpo em adolescentes.

Occurrence of physical therapy consultations in the last 12 months among adults from a medium sized brazilian city / Ocorrência de consultas fisioterápicas nos últimos 12 meses entre adultos de uma cidade de porte médio brasileira

Cross-sectional design. Introduction: Physical Therapy is a profession with a diversity of methods and s, and although it extends to all age groups with a huge number of clinics, the occurrence of searches for physiotherapists is still low. Aim: To analyze the occurrence of physical therapy consultations in the past 12 months among adults in Presidente Prudente, as well as to identify some variables associated with the outcome. Methods: The population (n=743) had a mean age of 49.9±17.3 years. The procedures set out the dependent variable: physical therapy consultation and independent variables: low back pain and physical activity during leisure time and at work, respecting the confounding factors. Results: The occurrence of physiotherapy consultations in the last 12 months was 21%, which was more frequent among adults of 30-44.9 years (OR=2.02 [1.02-3.99]) and for those with low back pain (OR=2.18 [1.18-4.06]). Conclusion: Physical therapy utilization is an outcome with a low rate, which is associated with low back pain among adults at a productive age.

Análise do controle postural em diferentes condições por meio de cinemetria / Analysis of postural control in different conditions by means of cinemetry

Introdução: A literatura científica ainda é sedenta de estudos que tragam dados normativos para variáveis relacionadas ao controle postural em diferentes populações, sobretudo, na população senescente, a qual frequentemente sofre com tais alterações. Objetivo: Avaliar a oscilação corporal de mulheres durante a postura ereta, em diferentes condições: com os olhos abertos, olhos fechados e com diminuição da base de sustentação. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal observacional. Participaram do estudo 14 mulheres, 63,5 ± 5,86 anos, com entradas sensoriais preservadas (visual, vestibular e somatos sensorial). Para avaliação do desempenho do sistema de controle postural, durante a manutenção da postura em pé, foi analisada a oscilação ântero-posterior e médio-lateral do corpo por sistema de cinemetria em três condições: com olhos abertos, olhos fechados e diminuição da base de sustentação (semi tandem). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de ANOVA para medidas repetidas e post hoc de Tukey. Resultados: Evidenciou-se diferença significante entre as três condições da avaliação do controle postural para as variáveis amplitudes de oscilação médio-lateral (p<0,001), velocidade de oscilação antero-posterior (p= 0,013) e velocidade de oscilação médio-lateral (p<0,001). Conclusão: os sistemas sensoriais somatossensorial, visual e vestibular mostraram-se fundamentais para a manutenção do controle motor. Ainda, com o presente estudo foi confirmada a necessidade de uma boa base de sustentação podálica para manutenção da postura e do controle postural.

Introduction: The scientific literature is still poor of studies that offers normative data for variables related to postural control in different populations, especially in senescent population which often suffers from such changes. Aim: To evaluate oscillation body in women during stance, in different conditions: eyes open, eyes closed and reduced support base. Method: It’s an observational cross-cut study. The study included 14 women with preserved sensory inputs (visual, vestibular and somatosensory). For the evaluation of performance of the postural control system, while maintaining the standing posture, was analyzed the oscillation anteroposterior and mediolateral body system kinematics by three conditions: with eyes open, eyes closed and decreased base support (semi-tandem). Statistical analysis was performed by the ANOVA of repeated measures test with the Tukey post hoc. Results: There were significant differences among the three conditions for the assessment of postural control for variables oscillation amplitude mediolateral (p<0.001), oscillation speed anteroposterior (p= 0.013) and speed mediolateral oscillation (p<0.001). Conclusion: sensory systems somatosensory, visual and vestibular proved fundamental to the maintenance of motor control. Still, the present study confirmed the need for a good support base podalic maintenance of posture and postural control.

Gait stability in diabetic peripheral neuropathy / Estabilidade da marcha na neuropatia diabética periférica

The aim of this study was to evaluate gait stability in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy in three conditions: habitual walking with eyes open, walking with eyes closed, and walking with eyes open and narrow base of support. The study included 41 subjects, 18 with neuropathy (NG) and 23 controls. Gait stability was evaluated on a baropodometer using the Footwalk Pro software. The following data were obtained: gait speed and percentage of time spent in double stance and single stance. Significant differences were observed between groups in all three conditions for gait speed and single stance time, which were reduced in NG (p<0.05), and for double stance time, which was increased in NG (p<0.05). For gait speed, double stance time and single stance time, the eyes open condition differed from the eyes closed (p<0.001) and narrow base of support (p<0.001) conditions. In the three conditions studied, patients of NG presented a deficit in gait stability and this performance was even more compromised in the two conditions that required greater postural control. These gait changes resulting from the complexity imposed by the different conditions suggest the inclusion of these conditions in the evaluation and treatment of this population.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a estabilidade da marcha em diabéticos com neuropatia periférica, em três situações: marcha habitual com os olhos abertos; marcha com os olhos fechados e marcha com olhos abertos e diminuição da base de sustentação. Participaram do estudo 41 indivíduos, sendo 18 do grupo neuropata (GN) e 23 do grupo controle (GC). A avaliação da estabilidade foi realizada por meio de um baropodômetro associado ao software Footwalk Pro. Os dados obtidos foram: velocidade da marcha e porcentagens de tempo de duplo apoio e de apoio simples. Foram encontradas diferenças significantes nas três situações entre os grupos para a velocidade e tempo de apoio simples, com diminuição para o GN (p<0,05), e tempo de duplo apoio, com aumento para o GN (p<0,05) em todas as condições. Para os dados de velocidade, tempo de duplo apoio e tempo de apoio simples, a condição de olho aberto foi diferente da de olho fechado (p=0,001) e da condição com diminuição da base de sustentação (p=0,001). Foi possível observar que nas três situações avaliadas, o GN apresentou déficit na estabilidade do ato de locomoção e tal desempenho foi ainda mais comprometido nas duas situações que exigiam mais do controle postural. Tais modificações da marcha, decorrentes da complexidade imposta pelas diferentes condições, sugerem a inserção destas na avaliação e no tratamento dessa população.

Alterações dos parâmetros da marcha e déficit sensório-motor associado à neuropatia diabética periférica / Changes in gait parameters and sensory-motor deficit associated with peripheral diabetic neuropathy

Quando há dano no sistema nervoso periférico, com prejuízos sensoriais e motores, como observado em neuropatas diabéticos, podem ocorrer graves repercussões sobre o equilíbrio e a locomoção nesta população. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho da marcha e alterações sensório-motoras, decorrentes da neuropatia diabética periférica. Método: Participaram 24 indivíduos neuropatas diabéticos e 28 indivíduos saudáveis sem alterações glicêmicas indicativas de diabete. Osparticipantes foram submetidos inicialmente a avaliações clínicas para confirmação de diagnóstico de neuropatia diabética por meio de teste de sensibilidade tátil da sola dos pés com monofilamentos. Posteriormente, foram submetidos à avaliação da variação angular do tornozelo, em condição estática e durante a marcha, por meio de cinemetria. A força muscular do tornozelo foi investigada por meio de dinamometria digital. Resultados: Foi demonstrado maior duração nos períodos deduplo apoio e apoio total da marcha em indivíduos com neuropatia diabética quando comparados com o grupo controle, confirmando uma maior dificuldade no equilíbrio dinâmico destes indivíduos. Para o grupo experimental de indivíduos neuropatas foi evidenciado redução da força muscular, tanto para os músculos dorsiflexores, quanto para os plantiflexores de tornozelo. Conclusão: As perdas sensório-motoras decorrentes da NDP podem implicar em prejuízo no desempenho da marcha, com consequente perda de equilíbrio.

Peripheral nervous system impairment, with sensory and motor loss, as observed in diabetic neuropathy, can induce serious effects on balance control and gait in this population. Objective: To evaluate the performance of the gait and the sensory-motor changes, stemming from peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Method: Twenty-four individuals with PDN participated along with twenty-eight healthy individuals with no glycemic alterations indicative of diabetes. Participants were first subjected to clinical evaluations to confirm the clinical diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy by testing the tactile sensitivity of the soles of the feet with a monofilament test. Subsequently, ankle angle variations in static posture and during the gait were investigated through kinematics. The ankle muscle strength was investigated using a digital dynamometer. Results: The diabetic neuropathy group showed longer duration in double support and full support periods of gait than the control group, confirming greater difficulty in dynamic balance for these individuals. The group with neuropathy demonstrated reduced muscle strength, as much in the dorsiflexors as in the plantar flexors of the ankle. Conclusion: The sensory-motor losses stemming from PDN may cause impairment in gait performance, with consequent loss of balance.

Estudo comparativo das representações sociais sobre diabetes mellitus e pé diabético / A comparative study of social representations of diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot / Estudio comparativo de las representaciones sociales sobre diabetes mellitus y pie diabético

O estudo objetivou investigar a representação social dos termos "diabetes" e "pé diabético" em diferentes populações. Os participantes foram divididos em grupos: diabético (GD); não-diabético (GN); e profissional da área da saúde nãodiabético (GP). Foram coletados os dados pessoais e os sujeitos responderam a duas perguntas nas quais deveriam evocar cinco palavras que viessem à mente quando pensassem em "diabetes" e, depois, em "pé diabético". O material evocado foi analisado pelo software Ensemble de Programmes Permettant l'Analyse dês Èvocations. Participaram 161 sujeitos, sendo GD (n = 72) com idade média de 56,12 ± 5,49 anos; GN (n = 38) com 54,29 ± 7,91 anos; e GP (n = 51) com idades de 34,95 ± 7,52 anos. Para a representação social do termo "diabetes" foram evocadas 297 palavras no GD, 172 no GN e 235 palavras no GP. Para o termo "pé diabético" foram evocadas 180 palavras no GD, 90 no GN e 236 no GP. Os grupos mostraram-se sedentos por maiores informações, confirmando a necessidade de programas de conscientização e educação em diabetes, que contemplem questões globalizantes acerca da doença.

The study aimed to investigate social representations of the terms "diabetes" and "diabetic foot" in different populations. Participants were divided into groups: diabetics (GD); non- diabetics (GN); and non-diabetic healthcare professionals (GP). Personal data were collected, and subjects answered two questions that were expected to evoke five words that came to mind when they thought of "diabetes" and then "diabetic foot". The evoked material was analyzed with the software Ensemble de Programmes Permettant l'Analyse dês Èvocations. A total of 161 subjects participated, including GD (n = 72) with a mean age of 56.12 ± 5.49 years; GN (n = 38) with a mean age of 54.29 ± 7.91 years; and GP (n = 51) with 34.95 ± 7.52 years. The term "diabetes" evoked 297 words in GD, 172 in GN, and 235 words in GP. The term "diabetic foot" evoked 180 words in GD, 90 in GN, and 236 in GP. The groups proved to be anxious for more information, thus confirming the need for awareness-raising and educational programs on diabetes, covering comprehensive issues concerning the disease.

Se realizó un estudio para investigar la representación social de los términos "diabetes" y "pie diabético" en diferentes poblaciones. Los participantes fueron divididos en grupos: diabéticos (GD), no diabéticos (GN), y profesional de la salud no diabéticos (GP). Se recogieron datos de carácter personal y los sujetos respondieron a dos preguntas en las que cinco evocan las palabras que vienen a la mente cuando se piensa en "diabetes" y luego en "pie diabético". El material se analizó mediante software Ensemble de Programmes Permettant l'Analyse dês Èvocations. Participaron 161 sujetos con GD (n = 72) con una edad media de 56,12 ± 5,49 años, GN (n = 38) con 54,29 ± 7,91 años y GP (n = 51) de 34 años 95 ± 7,52 años. Para la representación social del término "diabetes" se evocaron en GD 297 palabras, 172 y 235 en el GP GN. "Pie diabético" se mencionó en los GD 180 palabras, 90 y 236 en el GP GN. Los grupos solicitaban más información, lo que confirma la necesidad de programas de sensibilización y educación sobre la diabetes, que tienen preguntas sobre la globalización de la enfermedad.

Postural control and functional balance in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy / Controle postural e equilíbrio funcional em indivíduos com neuropatia diabética periférica

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) brings on reduced somatosensation, which can lead to changes in postural control. The objective of this study was to evaluate postural control in a standing position and in different conditions, as well as functional balance in individuals with DPN, make the correlation between the results obtained from the postural control assessment with the values from the functional balance test and compare the results obtained in the neuropathy group with those of the control group, checking for possible differences between the evaluation conditions of both groups. The study included 13 women with DPN (NG) and 17 non-diabetic women (CG). Postural control assessment was performed by kinemetry in the following conditions: eyes opened (EO), eyes closed (EC), and semi-tandem (ST). The data was processed in MATLAB and the following variables were generated: mean amplitude of oscillation (MAO) in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) direction; and average speed of oscillation (ASO) in AP and ML direction. Functional balance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go Test. There was significant difference between the groups (p<0.005) in MAO-AP EO and EC, MAO-ML EC and ST, and ASO-ML ST. There were differences between the conditions EO and ST (p<0.005) and EC and ST (p<0.005) for the variables MAO-ML and ASO-ML with greater damage to the NG, which also had a lower functional balance (p=0.001). ML instability was positively correlated with functional imbalance. The results show a change in the postural control system in the DPN, which could lead these individuals to a higher risk for falls and functional impairment.

A Neuropatia diabética periférica (NDP) cursa com redução somatossensitiva que pode levar a alterações no controle postural. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o controle postural na postura ereta, em diferentes condições, e o equilíbrio funcional em indivíduos com NDP, correlacionar os resultados obtidos na avaliação do controle postural com os valores do teste do equilíbrio funcional e comparar os resultados obtidos no grupo neuropata com o grupo controle, verificando as possíveis diferenças entre as condições de avaliação em ambos os grupos. Participaram do estudo 13 mulheres com NDP (GN) e 17 mulheres não diabéticas (GC). A avaliação do controle postural foi realizada por cinemetria nas condições: olhos abertos (OA), olhos fechados (OF) e semi tandem (ST). Após processamento no MATLAB, foram geradas as variáveis: amplitude média de oscilação (AMO) na direção ântero-posterior (AP) e médio-lateral (ML); e velocidade média de oscilação (VMO) na direção AP e ML. O equilíbrio funcional foi avaliado pelo Timed Up and Go Test. Houve diferença significante entre os grupos (p<0,005) na AMO-AP OA e OF, AMO-ML OF e ST e VMO-ML ST. Houve diferença entre as condições OA e ST (p<0,005) e OF e ST (p<0,005) para as variáveis AMO-ML e VMO-ML, com maior prejuízo para o GN, que também apresentou um menor equilíbrio funcional (p=0,001). A instabilidade ML foi correlacionada positivamente com o desequilíbrio funcional. Os resultados nos mostram uma alteração no sistema de controle postural na NDP, o que pode levar estes indivíduos a um maior risco a quedas e prejuízos funcionais.

Força muscular isométrica nas neuropatias diabética e hansênica / Isometric muscle strength on diabetic and leprosy neuropathies

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a força muscular do tornozelo de portadores de hanseníase ou diabetes mellitus acometidos por neuropatia periférica (NP), comparando-os com sujeitos sadios e, assim, verificar se NPs com fisiopatologias distintas culminam em déficit muscular semelhante. Cinquenta indivíduos (60,72 ± 8,36 anos de idade), sendo 21 do grupo diabético (GD), nove do grupo hansênico (GH) e 20 do grupo controle (GC), participaram do estudo. Inicialmente coletou-se os dados gerais, seguido do teste de sensibilidade somatossensitiva com os monofilamentos Semmes-Weinstein da Sorri-Bauru® e, por fim, realizou-se o teste de força muscular do tornozelo, por meio de dinamômeto isométrico digital. No GD e no GH houve insensibilidade ao monofilamento de 10g, confirmando a presença de NP. A dinamometria muscular, em ambos os tornozelos acusou déficits da força muscular de dorsiflexores e plantiflexores no GD e mais acentuadamente no GH em comparação ao GC. A plantiflexão apontou alterações mais significantes porque, além de referir alteração da variável em relação ao GC, também indicou diminuição da força muscular do GH em relação ao GD. Ao final, verificou-se diminuição da força muscular do tornozelo de neuropatas, no entanto, esse déficit divergiu entre os grupos analisados sugerindo-se, assim, que o motivo da alteração pode estar relacionado à sua respectiva etiopatologia, uma vez que os dados indicaram maior agressividade da NP hansênica no comprometimento neuromuscular em relação à NP diabética. Torna-se evidente, portanto, considerar esse fator no planejamento de intervenções.

This study aims to evaluate ankle muscle strength in patients with leprosy or diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy (PN), when compared to healthy subjects, and thus verify if PNs with different patho-physiologies culminate in similar muscular deficit. Fifty subjects (60.72 ± 8.36 years old), 21 of them from the diabetic group (DG), nine from the leprosy group (LG) and 20 from the control group (CG), have participated in the study. Initially, general data were collected, followed by the somatosensory test with Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SORRI-BAURU®) and, finally, the ankle muscle strength was tested using an isometric digital dynamometer. In DG and LG groups, no sensitivity was found for the 10-g monofilament, confirming the PN diagnosis. The muscle dynamometry, in both ankles, presented strength deficits of the dorsal and plantar flexors in DG and more markedly in LG, when compared to CG. The deficit in plantar flexion was more significant because, in addition to demonstrating deficit in relation to the CG, it has also showed decreased muscle strength from LG in relation to DG. In the end, a decreased ankle muscle strength of subjects with neuropathy was noticed; however, this deficit differed among the groups suggesting, therefore, that the reason for such change may be related to their respective aetiopathology, since the data indicated more neuromuscular aggression in leprosy PN in relation to diabetic PN. Thus, this fact can be clearly considered when planning interventions.

Análise do alinhamento dos membros inferiores em crianças com excesso de peso / Analysis of lower limb alignment in overweight children

O sobrepeso e a obesidade (SO) têm atingido proporções epidêmicas, principalmente, em idade escolar, tornando-se um problema mundial de saúde. Muitas adaptações podem ocorrer na organização postural de crianças com SO, provocando, graves consequências. A avaliação postural pode colaborar para o entendimento destas alterações. Oobjetivo do presente estudo foi verificar alterações na postura dos membros inferiores de crianças com SO, através de metodologia específica. Vinte e dois indivíduos, sendo distribuídos de acordo com o sexo: 9 do feminino e 13 do masculino, com faixa etária entre 5-9anos, participaram do estudo. Na avaliação postural, foram utilizados a fotogrametria e o software SAPo. Foram analisados os ângulos articulares dos membros inferiores e a projeção plantar do centro de gravidade. Foi utilizada estatística não-paramétrica descritiva, alémdos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05), para comparação entre os sexos. Ambos os sexos apresentaram anteroversão e leve rotação pélvica, à direita para o feminino e à esquerda para o masculino hiperextensão e valgismo de joelhos e valgismo tornozelos. O centro de gravidade apresentou 26,95% de anteriorização. Conclui-se que a avaliação postural nessa população foi congruente aos achados da literatura e a metodologia utilizadapossibilitou quantificar os dados para futuras comparações.

Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions, especially among schoolchildren, and have become a global health problem. Many adaptations in postural organization are observed in overweight and obese children, which have serious consequences. Posture assessmentcontributes to the understanding of these changes. The aim of this study was to assess changes in lower limb posture of overweight and obese children using a specific method. Twenty-two subjects, 9 girls and 13 boys, aged 5-9 years participated in the study. Posture was assessed byphotogrammetry using the SAPo software. The lower limb joint angles and plantar projection of the center of gravity were analyzed. Nonparametric and descriptive statistics were used, in addition to the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05) for comparison between genders. Both groups showed anterior pelvic tilt and slight rotation (to the right in girls and to the left in boys), hyperextension, and valgus knees and ankles. The center of gravity presented 26.95% anteriorization. In conclusion, posture assessment in this population was consistent with literature findings and the method used permitted the quantification of data for future comparisons.